James Patrick Kelley, then professor of Religious Studies at Lynchburg College in Virginia, videotaped oral history interviews from 1984-1989 with 43 Germans who before 1935 had done some act of public protest against the Hitler administration's efforts to Nazify and coordinate all institutions and groups in support of its policies. Most interviewees were members of the Confessing Church, which separated from the state church over opposition to Hitler's influence on the church, and some were associates of German theologian Dietrich Bonhoeffer. Those interviews are reproduced here.
Oral Histories
Interview with Ludwig Beek and Günther van Norden, 22 July 1985 Part 1, Ludwig Beek, Günther van Norden, and James Patrick Kelley
Interview with Ludwig Beek and Günther van Norden, 22 July 1985 Part 2, Ludwig Beek, Günther van Norden, and James Patrick Kelley
Interview with Eberhard Bethge, 28 May 1984, Part 1, Eberhard Bethge and James Patrick Kelley
Interview with Eberhard Bethge, 29 May 1984 Part 2, Eberhard Bethge and James Patrick Kelley
Interview with Frau Renate Bethge, 28 May 1984 Part 1, Renate Bethge and James Patrick Kelley
Interview with Frau Renate Bethge, 28 May 1984 Part 2, Renate Bethge and James Patrick Kelley
Interview with Emmi Bonhoeffer, 8 June 1984, Emmi Bonhoeffer and James Patrick Kelley
Interview with Paul F. W. Busing and Mrs. Erika Busing, 31 August 1989, Paul F. W. Busing, Erika Busing, and James Patrick Kelley
Interview with Ernest Gordon, 27 January 1986, Ernest Gordon and James Patrick Kelley
Interview with Franz von Hammerstein, 4 November 1986 Part 1, Franz von Hammerstein and James Patrick Kelley
Interview with Franz von Hammerstein, 4 November 1986 Part 2, Franz von Hammerstein and James Patrick Kelley
Interview with Hans-Christoph von Hase, 6 November 1986, Hans-Christoph von Hase and James Patrick Kelley
Interview with Gerrit Herlyn, 4 July 1985, Gerrit Herlyn and James Patrick Kelley
Interview with Dr. Franz Hildebrandt, 25 May 1986, Franz Hildebrandt and James Patrick Kelly
Interview with Eleni Immer, 5 July 1985, Eleni Immer and James Patrick Kelley
Interview with Ferdinand Immer, 5 July 1985, Ferdinand Immer and James Patrick Kelley
Interview with Gunter Jakob, 12 July 1985., Gunther Jakob and James Patrick Kelley
Interview with Joachim Kanitz, 18 July 1985, Joachim Kanitz and James Patrick Kelley
Interview with Fritz Keienburg, 7 June 1984, Fritz Keienburg and James Patrick Kelley
Interview with Paul Louis Lehmann and Marion Lehmann, 1 January 1986 Part 1, Paul Louis Lehmann, Marion Lucks Lehmann, and James Patrick Kelley
Interview with Paul Louis Lehmann and Marion Lehmann, 1 January 1986 Part 2, Paul Louis Lehmann, Marion Lucks Lehmann, and James Patrick Kelley
Interview with Benjamin G. Locher, 7 July 1985., Benjamin G. Locher and James Patrick Kelley
Interview with Harold Lockley and Ursula Lockley, 29 January 1986, Harold Lockley, Ursula Lockley, and James Patrick Kelley
Interview with Anton Lüpkes, 5 July 1985, Anton Lüpkes and James Patrick Kelley
Interview with Hermann Lutze, 23 June 1985, Hermann Lutze and James Patrick Kelley
Interview with Winfried Maechler and Ingeborg Maechler, 27 January 1986, Winfried Maechler, Ingeborg Maechler, and James Patrick Kelley
Interview with Wilhelm Niesel and Gertrude Niesel, 26 July 1985, Wilhelm Niesel, Gertrude Niesel, and James Patrick Kelley
Interview with Bishop Kurt Scharf, 6 June 1986., Kurt Scharf and James Patrick Kelley
Interview with Dr. Ferdinand Schlingensiepen, 2 July 1985, Ferdinand Schlingensiepen and James Patrick Kelley
Interview with Gretel Schneider, Evamarie Schneider, and Paul Ulrich Schneider, 25 July 1985 Part 1, Gretel Schneider, Evamarie Schneider, Paul Ulrich Schneider, and James Patrick Kelley
Interview with Gretel Schneider, Evamarie Schneider, and Paul Ulrich Schneider, 25 July 1985 Part 2, Gretel Schneider, Evamarie Schneider, Paul Ulrich Schneider, and James Patrick Kelley
Interview with Bishop Albrecht Schönherr, 11 July 1985, Albrecht Schönherr and James Patrick Kelley
Interview with Heinrich Vogel, 18 July 1985, Heinrich Vogel and James Patrick Kelley
Interview with Wolf-Dieter Zimmermann, Wolf-Dieter Zimmermann and James Patrick Kelley